The AB0 system was described in 1901 by the Viennese physician Karl Landsteiner, for which he won the Nobel Prize for Medicine was awarded in 1930.
The antigens of the blood group system encoded by several closely related homologous genes between which virtually there is no recombination.They are therefore different forms of a single gene ( alleles). The antigens of blood group system are encoded by a single gene.The assignment of antigens to a blood group system is via the coding genes for them.Įach blood group system must be separated genetically from other by definition. These two are due to their strong agglutination of particular importance.īlood groups are inherited and are therefore a feature to exclude relationships can, for example, by parentage.Ī blood group system may consist of one or more antigens, which are on the membrane of the red blood cells and to other individuals of the same species, which antibodies can be formed (so called allo- antibodies). The most important blood group systems are the AB0 system and the Rhesus system, which are based in each case on a particular antigen. In humans, there are a variety of different blood group systems, 29 of which are at the ISBT ( International Society of Blood Transfusion ) recognized and described.
If the blood of different blood groups are mixed, the result is clumping ( agglutination) of red blood cells due to binding by antibodies.īefore the discovery of blood groups therefore blood transfusions were successful only by accident and often ended fatally. The immune system produces antibodies against foreign antigens. The surfaces differ in various glycolipids, or proteins, which act as antigens. A blood type is a description of the individual composition of the glycolipids or proteins (proteins ) on the surface of red blood cells of higher organisms, especially humans.
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